Country rankings

Economic Complexity by Country

Japan has the highest Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 in 2021 (2.26), followed by Switzerland (2.14) and South Korea (2.04). Liberia has the lowest (-2.44).

Economics133 countries · 3 metricsUpdated Nov 17, 2024Original page
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132 of 235 countries
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Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021, 2021

Darker means higher. Click a place to highlight it.

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Ranking

Highest first: the first 15 and last 5 of 132 countries.

Distribution Median and middle halfThe median is the middle value: half of places are above it, half below. The middle half is the range holding the central 50% of places.More in the glossary →

Each dot is one country; the lines mark the median and the middle half.

Median
-0.14
Middle half -0.75 – 0.76
Average
0
132 countries
Highest
2.26
Japan
Lowest
-2.44
Liberia

Biggest changes · 2020 → 2021

132 countries have a value in both years.

Largest increases

Largest decreases

Data

Click a column to sort, a row to highlight that place on the charts.

133 countries · # = rank by Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021
#
1Japan2.26—-0.44
2Switzerland2.14—0.99
3South Korea2.0410.72
4Germany1.94-1-3.17
5Singapore1.83—0.62
6Czechia1.75—-0.31
7Austria1.68—-0.33
8United Kingdom1.6150.72
9Slovenia1.59—0.69
10Sweden1.54-20.83
11Hungary1.52-10.74
12Slovakia1.4640.85
13Ireland1.4450.13
14United States1.4-30.67
15Finland1.36-31.14
16Italy1.35-10.2
17France1.34-30.63
18China1.3330.19
19Romania1.2331.01
20Belgium1.18—1.19
21Israel1.1761.06
22Mexico1.14-50.87
23Thailand1.12-41.28
24Denmark1.0621.21
25Poland1.02-11.2
26Netherlands0.99-31.55
26Estonia0.9921.21
28Malaysia0.95-30.73
29Belarus0.9111.08
30Lithuania0.8971.32
31Croatia0.77—1.44
31Bosnia and Herzegovina0.7720.9
33Philippines0.76-50.36
33Spain0.76-22.47
35Portugal0.7412.03
36Serbia0.7311.28
36Latvia0.7351.15
38Saudi Arabia0.6221-0.36
38Bulgaria0.6211.79
40Turkey0.6122.6
41Canada0.58-21.45
42India0.4882.94
43Bahrain0.455-0.4
44Tunisia0.3911.12
44Norway0.39-9-0.23
46Cyprus0.383-0.09
47Costa Rica0.35-30.18
48Lebanon0.34-50.85
49Ukraine0.32-20.69
50Greece0.2560.98
51Uruguay0.247-0.15
52New Zealand0.21-0.08
53Russia0.1910.63
54Kuwait0.1322-0.86
54North Macedonia0.1315-0.12
56United Arab Emirates0.1250.09
57Jordan0.09-5-0.04
58Dominican Republic0.08140.13
59Georgia0.06140.08
60El Salvador0.05-50.19
61Vietnam0.04-40.82
62Moldova0.0260.01
63Indonesia-0.09-41.78
64Kyrgyzstan-0.11-140.36
65Egypt-0.13—1.36
65Colombia-0.13-2-0.05
67South Africa-0.15-60.61
68Brazil-0.16-250.47
68Oman-0.1621-0.76
70Uzbekistan-0.17220.15
70Mauritius-0.1740.25
72Iran-0.1960.17
73Argentina-0.2—0.14
73Guatemala-0.210.79
75Albania-0.23120.2
76Sri Lanka-0.2490.59
77Chile-0.3-13-0.59
78Jamaica-0.31-8-0.74
79Kenya-0.3520.88
79Morocco-0.3510-0.14
81Qatar-0.383-1.03
82Cambodia-0.3913-0.45
83Laos-0.4116-0.33
84Paraguay-0.448-0.78
85Panama-0.46-53-0.43
85Trinidad and Tobago-0.46-21-1.03
87Kazakhstan-0.47-8-0.5
88Malawi-0.5118-0.67
89Honduras-0.52-7-0.33
89Armenia-0.52-21-0.83
91Uganda-0.53-11-0.24
92Australia-0.55-4-0.41
93Pakistan-0.5740.34
94Namibia-0.58-11-0.75
95Algeria-0.6331-1.11
96Senegal-0.66-5-0.55
97Tajikistan-0.7215-1
98Mali-0.73-21-0.76
99Burkina Faso-0.751-0.93
100Bangladesh-0.7616-1.04
101Madagascar-0.777-0.67
102Turkmenistan-0.8213-1.16
103Yemen-0.838-1.09
104Myanmar-0.8413-0.28
104Zambia-0.84-2-0.88
106Peru-0.86-8-0.51
107Ethiopia-0.8817-0.73
108Tanzania-0.9160.38
108Nicaragua-0.91-5-0.6
110Botswana-0.92-7-1.17
111Bolivia-0.982-0.96
112Zimbabwe-1.01-7-1.05
113Azerbaijan-1.036-1.24
113Togo-1.03-17-1.01
115Angola-1.04-5-1.12
115Cuba-1.04-22-1.2
117Ecuador-1.07—-1.06
118Libya-1.113-1.15
119Mozambique-1.176-0.95
120Ghana-1.18-19-1.02
121Mongolia-1.22-12-1.2
122Venezuela-1.286-1.24
123Republic of the Congo-1.46-37-1.15
123Mauritania-1.466-1.28
125Ivory Coast-1.55-18-1.15
126Gabon-1.591-1.12
127Nigeria-1.624-1.24
128Cameroon-1.71-6-1.22
129Papua New Guinea-1.723-1.23
130DR Congo-1.86-11-1.21
131Guinea-2.42-2-1.29
132Liberia-2.44-9-1.23
—Eswatini——-0.49

What correlates with Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 (2021)?

Pearson r against 1,605 other country metrics sharing at least 80 countries. Ranks are read by standing: a better rank counts as higher, whether rank 1 is the best place on a list or the worst. Correlation is not causation.

Higher together

Places that have a higher Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 tend to score higher on these (or rank better)

  1. Global Innovation Index Knowledge & Technology Outputs RankMost Innovative CountriesA rank: rank 1 is the best
    r = +0.88 · very strong · n = 119
    Plot
  2. Global Innovation Index Overall RankMost Innovative CountriesA rank: rank 1 is the best
    r = +0.85 · very strong · n = 119
    Plot
  3. Global Innovation IndexMost Innovative Countries
    r = +0.84 · very strong · n = 119
    Plot
  4. Global Innovation Index ScoreGlobal Innovation Index by Country
    r = +0.84 · very strong · n = 119
    Plot
  5. LP Infrastructure & Market AccessLegatum Prosperity IndexA rank: rank 1 is the best
    r = +0.82 · very strong · n = 132
    Plot
  6. Average Age Upon Birth of First Child (CIA)Average Age of Having First Child by Country
    r = +0.82 · very strong · n = 94
    Plot

Opposite directions

Places that have a higher Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 tend to score lower on these (or rank worse)

  1. Gender Inequality Index ScoreGender Inequality Index by Country
    r = −0.80 · very strong · n = 130
    Plot
  2. Individuals Making Under $10kWealth Inequality by Country
    r = −0.79 · very strong · n = 125
    Plot
  3. Mismanaged Waste IndexPlastic Pollution by Country
    r = −0.78 · very strong · n = 132
    Plot
  4. % ChildrenChildren in the World by Country
    r = −0.78 · very strong · n = 131
    Plot
  5. Public ServicesFailed States
    r = −0.77 · very strong · n = 131
    Plot
  6. Fertility Rate - Age 20-24Total Fertility Rate
    r = −0.76 · very strong · n = 132
    Plot

Quick answers

Which country has the highest Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021?
Japan has the highest Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 in 2021, at 2.26, followed by Switzerland (2.14) and South Korea (2.04).
Which country has the lowest Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021?
Liberia has the lowest Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 in 2021, at -2.44.
What is the median Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 across countries?
The median is -0.14 across the 132 countries with data in 2021.
Where does this economic complexity by country data come from?
Rankodex compiles it from World Population Review and the primary sources it cites: Country & Product Complexity Rankings - Atlas CID Harvard.

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